My son had a neighborhood friend in elementary school who often showed up at our house unannounced. Abandoning his bike on our front walkway, he’d knock at the door in search of a playmate. Ushering him inside, I’d suggest that he leave his helmet with his bike, but he always declined. An hour later, I’d find the boys surrounded by colorful Legos hunched over their latest creations. I’d chuckle to myself noticing his friend still sporting the helmet. Even when it no longer applied to the circumstances, he followed the law.
While it’s not an exact parallel, I pictured my son’s friend as I read Paul’s words of concern to the Galatian believers observing obsolete religious laws. They have begun listening to teachers called “Judaizers” who tell them that to be true followers of Christ they must follow Jewish laws regarding circumcision and dietary restrictions. This is a direct contradiction to a significant event involving Peter recorded in Acts 10.
In this story the Lord appears to Peter in a vision and erases dietary laws that divide Jews and Gentiles. The Holy Spirit then sends Peter to the home of a Gentile believer named Cornelius. Peter tells him: “You know it is against our laws for a Jewish man to enter a Gentile home like this or to associate with you. But God has shown me that I should no longer think of anyone as impure or unclean. ” (Acts 10:28-29 NLT) Later, back in Jerusalem, Peter explains to the other church leaders, “Since God gave these Gentiles the same gift [of the Holy Spirit] he gave us when we believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I to stand in God’s way?” (Acts 11:17, NLT)
Now, around a decade later Paul shares a disconcerting story about Peter in Galatians 2. Paul and his ministry partner, Barnabas, have been living in the city of Antioch and teaching believers the way of Jesus. When Peter first arrives to visit, he joins them in eating with Gentile believers. Later, however, Peter reverts to old Jewish laws and Paul calls out his hypocrisy: “When [Peter] first arrived, he ate with the Gentile believers, who were not circumcised. But afterward, when some friends of James came, Peter wouldn’t eat with the Gentiles anymore. He was afraid of criticism from these people who insisted on the necessity of circumcision. As a result, other Jewish believers followed Peter’s hypocrisy, and even Barnabas was led astray by their hypocrisy.” (Galatians 2:12-13, NLT)
Imagine how hurtful and confusing Peter’s actions must have been for Gentile believers who had enjoyed fellowship with him around the table. They’d been grafted into the family of God by faith in Christ, but now they’re treated as second class citizens. Peter’s role as an influential leader prompts Paul to act. He refuses to sit back and remain silent because a true understanding of God’s grace is at stake.
Rebuking Peter, Paul says, “You and I are Jews by birth, not ‘sinners’ like the Gentiles. Yet we know that a person is made right with God by faith in Jesus Christ, not by obeying the law. And we have believed in Christ Jesus, so that we might be made right with God because of our faith in Christ, not because we have obeyed the law. For no one will ever be made right with God by obeying the law.” (Galatians 2:15-16, NLT) Never one to shrink from the truth, Paul confronts Peter here to keep the gospel from becoming distorted.
Reading this story makes me think of a pendulum swinging between legalism and grace that occurs in Christian communities.
One extreme happens when believers have a “checklist” mentality. Elizabeth Woodson describes this as legalism: “the belief that our salvation is directly linked to our actions.”1 She also says it’s the “belief that we earn or keep God’s favor by what we do or don’t do.”2 For those of who like routines or struggle with people pleasing, we may let practices intended to help us grow our faith swing us toward legalism. It happens when we feel guilty for missing a quiet time or a worship service; when we say “yes” to serving out of obligation rather than calling; when we give money out of guilt instead of with a generous or joyful spirit. Legalism also creeps in when we see sacraments like Communion or Baptism as requirements to prove our faith rather than expressions of it. When we start engaging in spiritual practices to fulfill an obligation rather than as an outpouring of our love for the Lord, we may be flirting with legalism.
If this feels familiar, here are a few questions to ask yourself: Do I practice certain spiritual disciplines to feel acceptable to God? Am I trying to earn or keep God’s favor by what I do? Am I encouraging those I love to do the same?
The other extreme overemphasizes and misinterprets grace. In this mindset, believers view freedom in Christ as license to do whatever they want. They accept the “free gift” of salvation without considering that it cost Jesus His life; they fail to understand the magnitude of the spiritual exchange taking place. Instead of experiencing transformation by the Spirit, they live no differently than the world–whether it’s the language they use, the entertainment they enjoy, the amount of alcohol they consume, their focus on consumerism and materialism, their sexual practices, etc.
Grace doesn’t give us license to do whatever we want, but freedom to walk in manner worthy of our calling in Christ (Ephesians 4:1). Followers of Jesus are no longer in bondage to sin because we’ve been cleansed by the blood of Christ and have the strength, wisdom, and power of the Holy Spirit to lead us. (Ephesians 5:25) .
If your pendulum swings more toward the “freedom” side, consider asking yourself: Is my way of expressing freedom leading me to look more like the world or more like Jesus? Could my words, attitudes, and behaviors cause confusion to those younger in faith? Is my lifestyle spurring on others to walk in the way of Jesus?
Whether you lean more toward legalism and rules or misunderstood grace and “freedom,” pray and ask the Lord to bring you back into alignment, living by this truth: “My old self has been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. So I live in this earthly body by trusting in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. I do not treat the grace of God as meaningless. For if keeping the law could make us right with God, then there was no need for Christ to die.” (Galatians 2:20-21, NLT)
- Elizabeth Woodson, Live Free: A Study of Galatians, Lifeway, 2025, 50.
- ibid, quoted from session 2 video
Inspired by Live Free: A Study of Galatians by Elizabeth Woodson, Lifeway, 2025. Follow along by ordering your copy here.
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